Computer & Engineering Essay

How Individual in cropation establishments stool improve individualized productiveness ( My Own Practice) Reading, writing, arithmetic, speaking, and listening are all considered basic skills. These skills are efficacious over a wide melt of problems that people encounter. Now accustom of computer-based face-to-face productivity tools is emerging as a new cadence in education. My own skills improved and still growing with that strange prepare and pick the keys of keyboard and the big divers(prenominal) appearance to writing and do our social function without pencil or pen if I wont to draw my skeleton ( Beca utilize Im production engineer and how keep put to work a report or habilitate workers as list to describe the way to product. But I wont to set specific way and the principal(prenominal) benefits from changing from pen to computer hit at key and I think it is the time for future arrangementatic way to discuss our ego by computerize way or systematic by set po ints and discuss productivity tools My Process Writing more of the fundamental ideas regarding personal productivity tools spate be illustrated using a articulate marchor. It is in all probability that I have applyd a word central central processor thus, a human activity of the ideas given here will be familiar with me. To begin, you bop that there is a consider fitted difference amidst being able to drug abuse a writing toolbe it pencil and opus or a word processorand being able to deliver effectively. The tool, by itself, does not make you into a writer. Writing is a process intentional to produce a put down that communicates a message. Typically, the production of a written product goes through several steps that, collectively, are cognize as process writing.1. Conception of ideas and development of these ideas. This may involve brainstorming, doodling, do brief notes, and a lot of thinking. 2. Development of an initial bill of ex stir. This involves bothertin g the conceptualized ideas into words. 3. Obtaining and devising use of feedback. Feedback from nonpareilself and others is apply to produce revised versions of the initial draft. Often this involves recurrent cycling back to step 1 and/or 2. 4. Polishing the nett draft for publication. This includes final cleanup on spelling and grammar. Nowadays, it often includes format the materials in a professional manner using desktop create techniques. Computers can play an important role in each(prenominal) of these quatern steps of process writing. While the first step may be primarily mental, there are a variety of pieces of software package knowing to aid in jotting down ideas and organizing these ideas. See specifically, software designed to aid in cognitive mapping or concept mapping.In addition, roughly way of lifern word processors include an out fallr. This makes it slack to get rough draft ideas into the machine and to reorganize them as indispensablenessed. Revisi on is an important idea in problem solving as well. There are galore(postnominal) problem-solving situations in which one can develop a proposed solution and then get feedback from oneself and others on the quality of the proposed solution. The feedback is then utilise in doing revisions to the proposed solution. The feedback and revision cycles/second continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained. Desktop publishing has become a major industry. All word-processing software contains provisions for producing a final document that is nicely laid out. Professionallevel desktop-publishing software contains a wide range of assist to produce professionallooking final products. such(prenominal) documents often make use of artistry and color.They may be laid out in columns, make use of a range of type styles and sizes, and be designed to help film their messages. A person can let on to keyboard in a hunt-and-peck mode with just a minute or so of instruction. Young children can learn such keyboarding more easily than they can learn to form letters using pencil and paper. Similarly, it give ins only a few proceeding of instruction to learn how to use a word processor in a hunt-and-peck mode. However, this low level of word-processor use is only a grim aid to productivity in writing. It is too slow and it does not take advantage of the powerful writing aids that are built into a modern word processor. Four things for a word processor to be a useful personal process writing aid 1. Keyboarding skills. You need not be a touch typist, even though it is helpful. Many professional writers are not touch typists. They look at the keyboard and they use only a couple of fingers from each hand as they keyboard.However, they get where the keys are and they have considerable hasten. The skills that they have developed are commensurate to fit their needs. And I am good now at that speed to make the typing more easily. 2. Word-processing skills. For example, how do y ou do a curtail and paste? How do you do a search and replace? How do you use a spell checker and a thesaurus? How do you create tables, alphabetize a list, or automate the production of an advocate and table of contents? The manual for a modern word processor may be many another(prenominal) hundreds of pages in length.3. Word processor-assisted writing skills. In essence, paper and pencil provide a linear writing surroundings where it is difficult to correct errors and even more difficult to make prodigious overall revisions to a document. Interchanging the enact of two paragraphs requires recopying an entire page or more. The word- processing environment is contrasting. It takes a lot of training and experience to forget about of the linear and restrictive writing habits that are required when running(a) with pencil and paper, and to learn to take advantage of the power of a word processor. 4. Desktop publication hit the sackledge and skills. Before the development of d esktop publication, many people made a living in the design, layout, and typesetting of print materials. some(prenominal) design and typesetting were skilled professions. Now, desktop publication tools have made the writer more and more responsible for design and typesetting.Generic Computer productivity ToolsWe use the term generic wine tool to describe a software tool that is applicable over a wide range of different disciplines. The word processor and desktop-publishing tools discussed in the previous section are examples of generic tools. To make effective use of a generic tool, you need to know both the tool and the domain of application. You already have a well-founded level of expertise in many different domains. Thus, as you learn to use one of these generic tools, you will find that it is relatively easy to apply the tool to your areas of expertise. There are many software tools that big commerceman be considered generic. The following list has been arranged in alphab etical order and I am doing my work with that software tool because my work attend on it . Computer-assisted design (CAD). Notice how this computer application relates to spatial word in the Howard Gardner list of multiple intelligences. CAD software is employ to do architectural and engineering drawings of products that are to be constructed.A CAD system can be used in the design of all sorts of products. Such software is used in place of the ruler, compass, protractor, and other tools formerly used by the draftsperson. Database. A database is an organized collection of information, often specific to one particular topic. A telephone book is a database of names, addresses, and telephone numbers. A computerized database is much easier to edit (add entries, make corrections, delete entries) than a printed database. A computerized database is designed to make it easy to locate needed information. It is too designed to make it easy to sort information into a desired format or to pr epare reports based on parts of the information. Desktop presentation (to university ad-lib presentations).The overhead projector, filmstrip projector, movie projector, slide projector, tape recorder, and video projector have gradually co-ordinated into a computer-based system. Material to be presented is stored on computer disk in digital form and edited using the computer. The presenter then uses the desktop-presentation system interactively when making the oral presentation. Desktop publication. A computer system is used to store, edit, design, and lay out the materials that are to be published in printed form. sidetrack may be to a printer, to film used to make plates to go on a belief press, or directly to a printing press. Graphics (paint and draw programs). A paint program has some of the characteristics of a set of painting tools, while a draw program has some of the characteristics of a set of drawing tools. Taken together, these tools can be used to accomplish a wide range of graphic artist tasks. The graphics that are produced can be used in a word-processing document, in desktop presentation, or in other types of computer applications. Graphing (for graphing data and functions). mathematical data is easily converted to a wide range of different types of graphs, such as bar graph, line graph, pie chart, and so on.Mathematical functions can be represented graphically. For example, a three-dimensional mathematical surface can be represented on the computer screen and then rotated to allow viewing from different perspectives. A lot of our project with university topics we do it by graphing. Groupware. This software combines telecommunications with personal productivity tools. It is designed to facilitate a group of people from different locations in working jointly, both simultaneously and individually, on a computer-based project. Increasingly, groupware will include provisions for the users to talk to each other and see each other as they work together. Hypermedia. A hypermedia document is designed to be used read interactively by a computer user.It may combine text, sound, graphics, color, and video in a nonlinear fashion. The nonlinearity and interactivity mean that development a hypermedia document requires the use of a computer. Increasingly, our educational system is working to have students become reading and writing hypermedia literate. Math systems. There are a number of comprehensive software packages that can solve a huge range of math problems. Such software can solve the types of problems that students struggle over in algebra, calculus, and other math courses. The use of such software in these courses leads to a drastic change in the nature of the courses. And, of course, it leads to a drastic change in the ability of students to actually solve the types of problems they are analyse in the courses. Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is designed to aid in doing bookkeeping, accounting, and modeling of business prob lems. It can also be used in other computational situations in which one works with a table of numbers and formulas. A key feature is that the computer system can automatically retread all of the computations represented in the table whenever you make a change to any of the numbers or formulas.Telecommunications (for communication among people, information, and machines). Telecommunications is the electronic link between people, computers, and other machines. This may be via a local area network, perhaps just connecting people, computers, and machines that are all in one building. It may also be a worldwide connection, using local and long outdistance telephone lines, satellites, microwave systems, and fiber optics. Intelligent, digital connectivity is having a major clashing on the societies and people of our planet.Word processor. A word processor is software designed to aid in writing. A modern word processor contains a number of features, such as a spell checker, thesaurus, graphics, and graphing, that may be of use to a writer. There is no clear dividing line between a word processor and desktop-publishing software. Although a generic computer-based personal productivity tool can be used in many different disciplines, each tool is oriented towards representing and solving certain sensibly specific types of problems. With me all that thing above change my way to solving problems and I try to make it more easily for me and update my experiences with the up-to-the-minute version of that software or methods .

Lan Operating Systems Scenarios

Read the three scenarios below, then answer the questions that survey each scenario. 1. You argon the profit executive for a new party that has 10 users and plans to tally five more users within a year. The files remove to be accessed by all 10 users and each user must have different surety rights. What kind of network would you install and how would the pieces and components of this network mention to each early(a)? Define each component.For this situation, I would jump recommend a server, which an administrator can assign different security rights. Second, I would recommend a star topographic anatomy network with a central switch. A star topology is the easiest topology to manage and add other devices. The switch is the best central device to use to atom traffic and alleviate collisions that would occur from a hub. The components such as the nodes would associate to the switch, which would allow communication with the other nodes or devices.In addition, Ethernet cables would be indispensable to connect to the back of the PC or NIC card. 2. You are the network administrator for a company that has a peer-to-peer network. How would the pieces and components of this network relate to each other? Define all of the components of this type of network. In a peer-to-peer network, all of the devices connected to the network share each others resources. This is common in a LAN network that does not have a server. 3. You are the administrator of a client-server environment.What kind of network would you install and how would the pieces and components of this network relate to each other? Define each component of a emblematic client-server environment. In this scenario, I would again recommend a star topology due to its manageability and scalability. In this model, one would need computers, server, cables, and operating systems. The nodes would go through the switch or router and then that device would get those resources from the serever..

Zero Tolerance

In the article Zero anyowance account by Gary Bauslaugh, he asserts the claim that the policy of adjust tolerance is a really bad idea and we should non be fooled by it. I would like to shop at Mr. Bauslaugh, moreover the evidence which he presents does non chuck up the sponge me to fully support his point. He reaches this conclusion found on the followers ideas, unity the policy of zero tolerance promotes the abandonment of logic and reason, and twain zero tolerance is not ab place protecting the public ( arbiter), but making politicians look good. Based on these two reasons, the conclusion he reaches can be justified. If a public policy lacks reason and does not protect the public, then it is a bad idea.Mr. Bauslaugh asserts that the policy of zero tolerance is based on the turned on(p) answer of public officials to threats to public welf be. He makes this claim in the following sentences The current trend for public officials to address of zero tolerance has ar isen be antecedent it seems to express public frustration with the lack of justice in the world. It seems to say we are fed up and arent going to get wind it whatsoevermore. If indeed, the policy of zero tolerance is based on the emotional reaction of public officials, the claim directly supports the premise that logic and reason carry been abandoned.He presents the lineage that in that respect keep back been other efforts of infatuated fashion on the part of the public, to satisfy emotional replys. Mr. Bauslaugh draws a comparison among the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries to the policy of zero tolerance. He cries bring out Are we immune, in modern times, to such superstitious extremism and vehement credulity? This is not an argument he is making in support of any premise. Rather, what he is doing in this passage is making an emotional appeal to the earreach based on the collective memory of unfair persecutions and the taking of life, not based on logic.The use of words such as extremism and zealous and intolerance impart heavy emotional weight to his statement. This type of argument must be closely watched. First, he does support his point that there have been emotional reactions in the past. Therefore, the conclusion that this type of reaction is compassionate and possible to occur again is true. However, the emotional charge he has added to his dissertation creates rhetoric which is not necessary if the argument is good.The second case of irrational public policy and behavior Mr. Bauslaugh sites is the war on drugs, which has resulted in the internment of many young people. Mr. Bauslaugh claims that this is an emotional response to a societal problem, not ruled by reason. However, Mr. Bauslaugh does acknowledge that there is some reason in the policy on drugs, as acknowledges that some of the people in prison house are drug addicts.He takes this opportunity to insert his opinion as to the policy of the war on drugs. He states tha t these people need reclamation care to recover from their addiction, not jail sentences. However, these statements do not support his implied claim that the war on drugs is another standard of an emotional response to a social problem. Therefore, this role model does not give another example of an irrational public policy.Mr. Bauslaugh also uses the case of suggested sexual abuse cases, where women had absolutely recovered memory during counseling sessions. Based on the communities emotional responses, the charge people were persecuted, some put in prison, and some committing suicide. He states that the actions interpreted by the public were not based on substantiated facts.In this case, intimately of these instances have been discredited. This gives strength to his claim that the public can act out of emotional response, leaving logic and reason out of the decision-making. At this point, in the article, Mr. Bauslaugh has presented 2 valid cases that show that the public has maladjustede policy in the past based on emotional response to a problem. instanter we will move to the real discussion Mr. Bauslaugh would like to make, that of the case of the expiry of a herd of water buffalo at Fairburn Farms. He uses this example to support both claims that the policy of zero tolerance is based on emotional response and that the policy is in place only to befriend politicians look good in front of difficult social problems.He states that this case shows the policy of zero tolerance to be one of double-dyed(prenominal) justice, a device for thoughtless and indiscriminating application of the rules, and direct encounter to justice. If this is true, he implies that the policy of zero tolerance is based on emotional response and not logic. However, even when a public policy is shown to be unjust and applied indiscriminately, this does not mean the policy is based on emotional response.Since Mr. Bauslaugh sets out to prove the injustice of the zero tolerance p olicy, and not the emotional basis of the policy, his implication that the policy is based on emotions is not supported. The additional cases he has gathered which show a lack of logic and reasoning do not ultimately support his case, because there is no connection from emotionally created policies to that of zero tolerance. Therefore, the only proof for Mr., Bauslaughs case is that the zero tolerance policy is unreason adequate to(p) and does not promote justice.Mr. Bauslaugh uses one case to depict the policy of zero tolerance. In the case of Fairburn Farms and the Archers, Mr. Bauslaugh is able to prove that the application of the zero tolerance policy was unreasonable. He shows the happy chance of the Inspection Agencys logic on the following points. One, the Archers trade water buffalo from Denmark. There has never been a case of mad overawe disease among any water buffalo population. Two, one intimidate was found infected in Denmark with mad cow disease.Three, mad cow dise ase cannot be transmitted via cheese, and that was the intention of use for the water buffalo. And four, the Australians have been using water buffalo from the same region of Denmark for making cheese, with no adverse effects. The effects of the decision on the Archers also exceeded the bounds of justice. The Archers are setback in pursuing their livelihood and have to slaughter all of the original buffalo.Mr. Bauslaugh is able to prove that in the case of Fairburn Farms, the policy of zero tolerance is unreasonable and unjust. However, by using this one case he does not prove his overall points that the zero tolerance policy is based on emotional reaction and that in general, the zero tolerance policy is a bad policy. If Mr. Bauslaugh were able to provide additional arguments to support his claim, I may be able to agree with him. But, based only on the arguments he has presented to me, I do not see just cause to say the zero tolerance policy is bad public policy.

Vinca plants

The move is to take 4 Vinci make ups, which atomic number 18 about the same size, health, and flowering stages and find out which virtuoso forget grow the best. Each of the workss go away sacrifice 75 ml of a liquid d whole(a)y for 10 days. My Grandma bought them from Loses on family 20, 2011 for me. partitioning of the plants are as follows Control plant ordain get splatter water. gear up A leave get take out from the refrigerator. ground B will get Lou Ana Pure Vegetable 011. make up C will get sweet tea. We made up a pitcher near for the experiment, so that It s the same e precise day.experiment Every day for 10 days effect in 75 ml of liquid of a specific liquid into individu aloney plant and see which one will grow the best. Hypothesis I think the one with take out is passing play to grow best of the three, not including the lead. Milk is right(a) for the body and I think it could also be good for plants. twenty-four hour period Before The test Began Mom got the plants for me from Loses the day before so they were fresh. Also will motive 4 Styrofoam collection platefuls, 4 suitable size containers for the liquids, viewing tapdancee, permanent markers, camera, and ruler. 1 . Take the plants to field of battle they are going to e entire time.For me it was the cover lanai in the back of our house. 2. Put Styrofoam plates and place one under each plant prevents cross contamination and keeps the table clean. 3. Get roll of masking tape and a permanent marker. 4. Cut tape into 4 equal strips. 5. Mark each strip with name and put on plant. 6. find out the four containers for the liquids. 7. Put in 1st container water from the tap and put lid on it. In 2nd container, swarmed in 4 cups of milk, in 3rd container made up sweet tea and poured in 4 cups, and in final container poured in 4 cups of vegetable oil.Water and oil containers remained on the counter, and the milk and tea containers were in the refrigerator. Day Of The ess ay I dogged to measure and water my plants before school in the morning and early on the weekends. 1. Day one, I then took pictures of each plant. 2. Then I measured each plant and wrote down the sizes in my Journal. 3. With a standard cup, I measure out ml (1/C) of each liquid and pour it into the proper plant. I rinse out the glass cup in between each type of liquid. 4. I Jot down observations on the plants each day in a Journal. 5.I also get word at the newspaper to e accurate on the temperatures for the day before and score it in the Journal, along with any weather (like rain, clouds, etc). 6. Repeat steps 1 thru 3 for the next 10 days. September 21, 2011 Day 1 of the test Observations on the whole four plants are new, very healthy and have legion(predicate) flowers in different stages of opening. Plants are in original container with Styrofoam plates under them so there is no cross contamination. Plants are in the covered porch area to keep from getting wet from any rai n so they will not be contaminated by rain water. Get solarize on the whole afternoon.We took pictures and measurements of plants, as seen below. Control Plant Water 9 big Plant A- Milk Plant proud Plant C clamsiness tea 8 long-stalked 94/72 Very cheery All plants are the same height as yesterday. All hush up look very healthy. The water, sweet tea and milk plant were substitute on the bottom today oil was very wet. It had a good pool on plate. Flowers still look good on all. It was very sunny in the morning, warm and had a lot of rain in the afternoon. Control Plant Water 9 h gangling Plant C- Sweet Tea 8 tall 90/73 September 23, 2011 Day 3 of the Experiment sweet tea, and milk plant were juiceless on the bottom today oil was very wet.It had a good pool on plate. We had to dump out so it did not lock all over the table. Flowers still look good on all I am surprised. Had some sun before it rained. 91/72 September 24, 2011 Day 4 of the Experiment plate NASTY It wa s serious of stinky pond type scum. My mom made me change the plate because it stank and was worried about the small bugs flying nigh the plant. Oil and tea plants are okay. All plants are very moist. All plants still look okay. Pictures taken this morning to show new look. It was cloudy most of the day. bode calls for rain all weekend. 0 Control Plant Water 10 tall Plant B -Oil 8 h tallPlant C- Sweet Tea 9 tall 92172 September 25, 2011 Day 5 of the Experiment They all look the same. Milk plant really stinks small bugs flying nearly it. Cloudy most of the day. Plant A- Milk 9 tall Plant 8 w tall Plant C- Sweet Tea 8 h tall 90/72 September 26, 2011 Day 6 of the Experiment The milk plant stinks and there are bugs flying around it and the flowers are falling off. All others look okay. 0 Plant A -Milk 8 withal Plant B -Oil 8 w tall Plant C -Sweet Tea 8 h tall 92/70 September 27, 2011 Day 7 of the Experiment Milk plant really STINKS-there is a foam like scum that comes out after gi ving it a rink.The flowers are dying and falling off. Leaves not so big, plant looks worse today-leaves look less green than the others. The milk plant is SHRINKING Control Plant Water 10 h tall Plant A- Milk 7 h tall Plant 8 tall Plants-sweetmeat 7 tall September 28, 2011 Day 8 of the Experiment The control plant is doing The milk plant is The oil plant is lovely slouchy. Sweet tea plant doing fine. Plant A- Milk 7 tall Plant B -Oil 7 h tall September 29, 2011 Day 9 of the Experiment The control plant is the only one doing good. All others are dying. Leaves all crinkled, plants leaning over.Milk plant still stinks. Gave it new plate hoping some of the bugs would go away. Cannot tell if others stink. Plant B -Oil 7 w tall 90/68 September 30, 2011 Day 10 of the Experiment Milk plant is disgusting. It smells so bad that my grandma threw up when contemptible it this morning. Had to move plants away from the door smell was too gross parvenu pictures of the plants were taken. All pl ants except control are dying. Leaves all crinkled all leaning over and the flowers are dying. Control plant looks great. Plant B -Oil 7 tall 90/67 All of the plants, except the control plant, are definitely dying.Apparently, you should never give plants anything but water. The dying plants have wilted leaves and the flowers are all crumpled up. The dying plants have all shrunk in size. The control plant is healthy green and tall. Plant A- Milk 6 tall Plant 6 h tall Plant C -Sweet Tea 6 h tall CONCLUSION OF MY try The only plant that did well was the one with plain water. My hypothesis was wrong. The milk plant did the worst by far If I was to do this experiment again, I would never, and I mean never, pick milk as one of the liquids.I would like to try some more different liquids, like tap water with oracle grow (fertilizer) and made Cool-Aid, because it is basically water with sugar and food coloring. I would like to see if plant does well with Cool-Aid because it is some all wat er and would like to know if the food coloring would change the color of the plant/flowers. I would like to run this experiment in the summer time when it is hotter and they would get more sunlight. Wonder if the failed plants would have died instant(prenominal) in hotter temperatures or if they would have fared better. My other thought on liquids was the try Coca-Cola as one of the liquids.

Improve own performance in a business environment Essay

1.1 The innovation and benefits of continuously improving performance at lay d admit is important to enhance your cargoner, moving up the organization that you are fixing in or getting a pertly bloodline with the new founded skills. Also means that you keep up great pride in your work and before more efficient. Once you have purifyd in angiotensin-converting enzyme thing there ordain invariably be something else you foundation improve on. Having monthly or yearly reviews in your workspace allows you to none down what you are good at and what you need to work on, allowing you to set goals for you to work at.1.2 The purpose and benefits of encouraging and accepting requitaldback from others is important to improve oneself in your work. When you gain feedback from others it enables you to have an outlook on what you are doing correct and what you are doing wrong. If you just go by your own feedback you will never work to your best cogency beca drop you wont criticize y ourself. Take notice of feedback in all its forms perplex all feedback in a curiosity frame ask yourself how you can use it to avoid failures, or to repeat successes. Feedback can be both(prenominal) formal and informal in nature. For example, formal feedback can be in a meeting and informal feedback can be between colleagues petition how you were or how you did the last assignment. Ignoring feedback means you will just continue to do the same thing in the same way without improving on the way you are doing it.1.3 Learning and development can improve your own work, benefit organizations and identify occupational group options by succeeding in piece of work training courses, college based courses, private training courses and on the play training, such(prenominal) as shadowing a colleague. These courses may ask for a fee but they are always worth doing. It allows you to learn new skills or try out skills that you have not yet used. Team building exercises are always good if yo u work alone because it puts you in a different environment, it tests you to see how you would cope. You will gain leadership from these experiences but will withal learn how to follow someone other than yourself. This will not only improve your work life but will always show through your work. You will decease independent but also know to ask for wait on or feedback on your work.1.4 Possible proficiency thoroughfares for your career would be either moving up in your career for example into management. Or it could be moving to another department you in your work space. This means that you will have to meet new people, use new skills and progress as you would when doing a course. Another progression route would be to change your career completely. You may be doing a job you like but there may always be something you would issue to do. Searching on behalf of this dream, you can find courses to do, research how to do it, become an independent company. This will further your care er and be useful for futurity job roles.1.5 Possible development opportunities are increasing the skills to do the job at hand or a future job that you are trying to get. Some of the ways to do this are shadowing a colleague, reading articles and journals. Taking notes on new things will help with this. get down with a new skill, such as meeting new clients. This guinea pig of skill you can do at home in motility of a mirror or just ask someone to help and let them be the client. The possibilities are endless but being inclined(p) will always be the first thing to remember when you fate to develop.

Analysis on All the pretty Horses Essay

The backing of Cormac McCarthys novel All the slightly Horses, reflects the significance and variance of roles that caters play in this coming-of-age story, as they relate to potty Grady Cole who is the focus of the novel. The dollar, which was the social foundation of Western American assimilation then, is discoverd as an economical and practical asset to the boys derriere Grady and Lacey Rawlins. However, the origin also describes dollars abstract qualities using idyllic and im exasperationed diction, depicting them as animals of a highly advanced spiritual nature, similar to hu bitkinds in whatsoever ways. ass Grady has an intimate blood with whole(a) horses and understands the world of horses extraordinarily well.On his voyage from Texas to Mexico, he learns that the world of hands is very contrasting from that of horses and is forced to rethink slightly the relationship between humans and horses. ass discovers that his preconceived caprices about work for ce and human society be false. He finds that they do not live in a romantic world, as he had bankd. Therefore, the title that McCarthy has chosen is ironic and symbolizes the change that John experiences. The fountain uses the title to represent Johns initial perspective on the world, which turns out to be the opposite later on.Johns carriage, alike both of Western American society during the timeframe of the story, revolved around horses. In fact, I think that he is adequate to(p) to understand the horses more than he does about men. The horses in the novel represent strength, untamed passion, and most importantly, liberty of spirit. The veneration that the vaqueros have for horses is app arnt in the tales Luis tells the boys. the old man sole(prenominal) said that it was pointless to speak of there being no horses in the world for God would not permit much(prenominal) a needment (111). I feel that this quote demonstrates to the readers very well on the surd feelings of passion of the vaqueros, cattle-ranchers, that they value horses so highly that they are able to necessitate themselves as nearly divine.It also reinforces Johns romantic notion that horses are highly spiritual beings. Like the vaqueros, the boys respect the horses, and these animals play galactic roles in their lives. The boys use horses in many ways throughout the novel, such as companions and as means of transportation or escape. John all the same has dreams about horses, as his scenes were of horsesstill wild on the mesa whod never seen a man afoot and who knew goose egg of him or his liveliness all the same in whose souls he would come to take a winder forever (118). This sort of expression used in referring to horses here wild and souls is idealistic and roughly poetic. Furthermore, the fact that John dreams about horses in this way and that he wants to reside forever in their souls shows that he, like the vaqueros, thinks of them very highly.Throughout the novel , the indite does not fail to use romantic and emotional language to describe horses and their connections to humans. By using venerating diction in describing the horses, the source portrays these animals as formal being with wild spirits. Besides that, with vivid resourcefulness, the creator is able to pigment us a poignant picture of horses. The painted ponies and the riders of that lost body politic came down out of the north with their waits chalked and their long hair plaited and each gird for war which was their lifeWhen the wind was in the north you could hear them, the horses and the breath of the horses and the horses hooves that were shod in rawhide (5). This introduction of horses in the beginning of the novel demonstrates the passion and dedication that the author attri stilles to horses. The mood ca-cad by words such as painted ponies and the breath of the horses is passionate and emotionally charged. The author also continues to describe the raw energy and l ife that flows through the horses.John Gradywas holding the horsewith the long bony head pressed against his chest and the hot impertinent breath of it flooding up from the dark wells of its nostrils over his face and neck like news from another world (103). These metaphors such as the dark wells of its nostrils and news from another world create a forceful likeness of mysterious animals with a nature that is foreign to humans. The horses hot sweet breathflooding up displays the life and energy that fill the horses. This mysterious energy is also apparent later, when the author writes, He rode the last five horsesthe horses dancing, turning in the light, their red look flashingthey moved with an air of great elegance and seemliness (107).This imagery of red eyes flashing and horses dancing is very mysterious yet still striking. The descriptive detail is very cinematic, and any of these scenes could easily be made into a movie. These extremely in depthdescriptions are so exaggerate d that they are almost unrealistic, but they are able to create the desired effect in making horses seem mystical and bizarre. These are the romantic creatures that John sees, the pretty horses that can be taken make the title.John Gradys connection with horses is as mystical as the horses themselves. He is one way or another, able to communicate with all horses on a deeper level than any other character in the story. This is obvious on the Hacienda in the scene in which John and Rawlins are good luck some new horses. John cupped his hand over the horses eyes and stroked them and he did not stop talking to the horse at all, speaking in a low steady voice and verbalise it all that he intended to do and cupping the animals eyes and stroking the terror out (103). Johns ability to stroke the terror out of the horses is just like in a case of a parent calming a frightened child. Obviously, he mustiness have some natural tie with these animals if he is able to do this.Indeed, the au thor has already unambiguously stated that such a bond does exist between John Grady and the horses earlier on when he writes, The boy who rode on slightly before him sat a horse not only as if he had been born to it which he was but as if were he begot by malice or mischance into some queer land where horses never were he would have found them in any case (23). This passage shows that Johns relationship with horses extends into the metaphysical range, a sketch that is reinforced throughout the novel as more is revealed about John Grady and the horses. As Luis says, the horse shares a common soulif a psyche understood the soul of the horse then he would understand all horses that ever were (111). It seems like as if the author is trying to tell us that John Grady has this ability to be familiar with the soul of the horse, and that is why his relationship with horses is so unique.Johns reliance on his knowledge of horses as a guide in the world of men eventually reveals to him tha t the 2 species are actually very different. When John starts out on his journey, he has very little knowledge about the inner workings of the human society, but he has superficially assumed men and horses to be similar. As the author writes in the opening of the novel, What he loved in horses he loved in men, the blood and the heat of theblood that ran them. All his value and all his fondness and all the leanings of his life were for the ardenthearted and they would always be so and never be otherwise (6).John knows that horses are ardenthearted and believes that men must be the same too. He thinks that his journey leave behind be a romantic and passionate one, like the horses he loves, and will strengthen his raft of the world. However, he soon learns that his assumption is not what the reality is. Before anything fatal happens to him, John hears from Luis that among men there was no such communion as among horses and the notion that men can be understood at all is probably a n illusion (111). The first doubts then began to creep into Johns mind, and eventually, he finds out about this personally.Instead of pretty horses, Johns journey is filled with murder and stealing, prison and broken hearts. His ill-fated journey proves clearly about Luis point, and totally destroys Johns belief that the world of men is at all an understandable thing. Finally, when it is all over, he returns alkali disappointed, only to find that both his father and his Abuela have died. Johns fanciful concept of the world of men now has been completely replaced by a world thatseemed to care nothing for the old or the five-year-old or rich or poor or dark or pale or he or she. zipper for their struggles, nothing for their names. Nothing for the living or the dead (301). The world of all the pretty horses is nothing to him now but a distant memory. This reveals the titles irony, a story titled All the Pretty Horses would apparently never involve the death and violence that is incl uded in Johns travels. Indeed, John has come full circle and realized that his original assumptions about men were false.The title of McCarthys novel All the Pretty Horses is not meant to be taken literally. Before he runs away, John Grady believes in the world of all the pretty horses, because he has never known anything else. However, his time in Mexico disheartens him and forces him to believe otherwise, that the real world is not so simple, carefree, or innocent. John learns that the love story that he ascribes to horses cannot be applied to men. John respects horses and experiences the praise of these animals in the folklore of the day. His relationship with horses exists on many levels, by being histransportation, his friends, and his spiritual companions. Furthermore, the author illustrates the horses with emotional diction creating almost a motif of passion whenever horses are described. Johns unusual understanding of the fervent spirit of horses leads him to believe that m en are the same. However, on his bleak and disappointing journey, he learns that men do not have the same passion of spirit as horses. Instead, they are unpredictable, violent creatures, and their world is certainly not always pretty.I think that it is utterly important for us as readers to understand what the author is trying to tell us by looking at the title and try to understand deeper with the details that the author provides us. Initially I thought that this novel is just going to give details of various horses that man uses in many different ways. However, I was completely wrong on making the judgment by its cover title. This novel teaches us about the reality in human world that no one will be able to predict what is going happen. He illustrates the morals and ethics that have survived throughout the ages, while ending up with nothing else is left, expiration only memories to be reminders of the mysterious and naturally beautiful time period. I am sure after reading this novel, one would never be able to forget the pain, suffering, romance, and above all loyalty inscribed on its pages or in the memories of those who lived through it.

Kinkos

subsequently the reorganization, management layers in the follows hierarchy were reduced from xii layers to six. The top management level was represented by the Chief executive director Officer.The beau monde has a centralized approach of management. Many of the decisions that had been made in the stores were made by top management. The concentration of decision-making laterality at the speed levels of an organization is often justified based on the need to acquire better coordination and consistency in all the organization activities, operations and policies. duad of ControlThe Executive Vice President of operations has direct authority over the Vice President of marketing and two general managers for sell operations, operations support, and real estate. These general managers, on the other hand, turn in a direct control over 18 operations directors. These operations directors bedevil control over the seventy-four district managers and the human resource and applied sc ience staff.Grouping Activities in FedEx Kinkos Office and publish Services, Inc.The society was reorganize by geographical region- East, West, Central, and International. Partners who owned the intumescentst group of stores headed up their regional divisions.The stores impart been reorganized into a hub- and- spoke configuration.Does Kinkos use an organic or mechanical system to achieve integration?Kinkos uses a mechanistic system to achieve integration. We can see that FedEx Kinkos Office and Print Services, Inc. has exemplified the characteristics of highly formalized and bureaucratic organizations.Kinkoss was relatively a large company hence, a mechanistic system is very appropriate in order to manage and monitor all stores. In addition, we can follow that managers provide a considerable direction and control over the other. The company is highly centralized, wherein all the decisions were made by top-level positions. All the operations of the company and the working beha vior of the employees are governed by the instruction and decisions issued by superiors.The company has a hierarchic structure of control of authority. In line to this, in that respect is a vertical direction of communication through the organization. All the interaction made is form top to bottom.The company is highly standardized. Qualifications for top executives have been standardized. Each person must be a strong team player, had previously been with successful organization and each held job with high accountability. The company also used formal specification of methods in the performance of a job. In fact, all stores were connected through the Internet so that jobs could be allocated, distributed, or shared, as the need arose.There is a precise rendering of obligation for each position or role. For instance, each operation director has the responsibility on the profit and loss in a clean-cut geographical market.All of these characteristics exemplified by the company have r esembled the characteristics of a mechanistic system.ReferencesAllen, Gemmy. (1998). Organizing Process. Retrieved April 1, 2008

Performance Indicator Case Analysis

PRODUCT FLOW ALONG SUPPLY range of a function SOURCING IN CHINA vs. HONG KONG They are many aspects involved making a decision on which styles to source from china and which styles to source from Hong Kong. The engagements between the producing the products in chinaware and Hong Kong are * ORDER SIZES The minimum toil quantity for a style in China is 1200 units while in Hong Kong it is 600 units. Thus Hong Kong mill can produce smaller guild quantities effectively, thus enabling the keep companys to increase the range of products it offered and manage the inventory risk.Reason This difference in fruit abilities is mainly due to the high skilled labor join with shorter production lines in Hong Kong compared to the low skilled and long production lines in China * LABOUR The workers in Hong Kong worked about 50% faster compared to the workers in China. As a result the parka line in Hong Kong requires scarce 10 workers to complete all the operations whereas the parka line in C hina require up to 40 workers. This resulted in the longer production lines.In spite of the high quality of workers in Hong Kong, the unemployment rate in the untaught is very low and most of the younger workers prefer office jobs. thusly it is difficult to acquire labor in Hong Kong. Reason The differences in the susceptibility might be due to the variances in the trainings given to the workers in China and Hong Kong. The workers in Hong Kong were more cross functional and were trained to work in broader range of jobs compared to the Chinese workers. * TOTAL COST The overall cost of production is lower in China as compared to Hong Kong.Though there is a certain(prenominal) cost advantage, there are strict quota restrictions by the U. S regime on shipping goods from China when compared to Hong Kong. Reason The lower production cost in China can be mostly attributed to the low profit rates compared to the wage rates nonrecreational in Hong Kong. The workers are give $0. 16 per hour in China compared to $3. 84 per hour paid in Hong Kong. * QUALITY Another main difference between sourcing in China and Hong Kong is the quality of the products. The quality and reliability of the products from China is relatives low when compared to Hong Kong.Reason The difference in quality could mainly be attributed to the labor skill and ability in both the regions. The workers in Hong Kong have the capability to ramp up the production faster and thus they had the shorter production lines. Longer production lines in China led to the greater imbalances both in the quality and measure required in manufacturing the product. Recommendation Based on our analytic thinking we ground the severalise quantity for distributively of the 10 parkas. A detailed order quantity for each of the 10 parkas is given in appendix 3. step for calculating order quantity For Obermeyer we have Cu = $27 and Co = $9 from this we steer CSL for Obermeyer = . 75. This means that there is 25% proba bility for a stock out applicable for each of the 10 parkas. * We used deuce standard deviations for the normal distribution of demand. * By using the formula Q=Z. S. D+mean for 25% stock out the overall quantity to be ordered is calculated to be 26412. * Since we need to order 10,000 units the summation of order quantity of all the 10 parkas is equal to 10,000. * We assume that the demand for each of the 10 parkas will be in same proposition.Using this we calculate for Z Z=1. 06. * Using the z value, mean and standard deviation we calculate the order quantity for each of the 10 parkas. (See appendix 3) * Also nub expected profit for 10 parkas is approximately $2. 3 Million and median(a) left over quantity is 69 units per parka. APPENDIX 1) Cost analysis at different stages of production. OBERSPORT cost if do in hongkong $60. 08 cost if made in China $51. 92 weighted amount cost $56. 00 Greig flummox fabric $9. 00 Finishing of Shell fabric $3. 90 Finis hed line drive fabric $3. 90 Insulation $4. 80 Zippers $3. 60 Thread $0. 60 Logo,Patches etc $3. 00 Snaps $0. 90 Dyeing of snaps $0. 30 $30. 00 Agent fee Hong Kong 3. 49 China 2. 98 Labor cost per unit China 0. 78 Hong Kong 10 Tranportation cost (weighted average ) Quantity charge/unit total naval 160000 1. 4 224000 Air 40000 5 200000 weighted average 200000 424000 weighted average/unit $2. 12 Appendix 2 Appendix 3

The Importance of Personal Responsibility

The Importance of Personal Responsibility GEN/ two hundred As an adult you argon liable for every action that you take, plainly before that action atomic number 18 a series of legal opinions that lead you to pickings that action. Your personal office starts at a young age, you are both taught personal indebtedness as you grow into an adult by manhood held accountable of your own actions or the responsibility is taken from you. Depending on how you were brought up your transition into becoming an adult can either be an light one or a difficult one where everyone is to blame only if your self.As an adult the one thing that you know is a constant is that you volition be held accountable for your actions whether you like it or not. Holding yourself accountable and having self discipline has a lot to do with personal responsibility in my opinion. When you hold yourself accountable for your actions, your thoughts, your intentions you are making a conscious essay to be a acco untable person. Every action starts with a thought, whether its a good thought or a bad thought exit determine the solution of that action.For example when you wake up in the morning and the first thought that comes to mind is that you pull up stakes have a bad day, whether you know it or not you are subconsciously passing game to make it a bad day. Personal responsibility starts with holding yourself accountable, if you halt that thought when it happened and told yourself that today will be a good day you have already turned the outcome well-nigh. By holding yourself accountable you are in control, you are not aimlessly going through life reacting to what happens to you.Self discipline goes hand in hand with holding yourself accountable, by having self discipline you are able to make original that you are staying on track and checking up on yourself regularly. Having self discipline will go a long way in making sure you make it to your intended destination. Take flight path s for example, when you fly somewhere they broadly speaking show you the path that they will take. It is impossible to stay exactly on that line since you are in the air constantly battling the changes circumstances around you, air pockets, up drafts, down drafts, adverse weather, etc. The ilots are discipline enough to make necessary adjustments to stay on track on make it to their destination on time. This holds true in life by having the self discipline to make adjustments where adopt be to hold yourself accountable to what is happening around you. Sometimes life throws you a curve thud and having the characteristics of personal responsibility you will be able to adjust and tarry on. Personal responsibility is incredibly important, by making sure that you are aware of what is happening and holding yourself responsible for the outcome of your actions you will go a long way.Everybody knows someone who always has an excuse for why something didnt happen the way that they wanted it to, they know just who or what to blame. They will actively look for something or someone to blame to avoid approach the fact that they may have done something wrong to have the outcome that received. That person generally hasnt changed very much from the person they were in high school both personally and professionally. By holding yourself responsible you are more aware of what is happening, you can review your actions and determine what adjustments need to be made.Some of the most successful people in life are the most critical of themselves, whether its a professional athlete perusing game tapes before a game or a college savant doing the necessary research before giving a presentation. Personal responsibility can help you achieve your goals in your college degree in stride. By using your personal responsibility you would make the time to read fore on your syndicate syllabus to make sure that you are absent any large assignments that are coming up.As an adult learner mo ve together a plan to help practice personal responsibility is a key component to your success. With the economy in its present resign many students require a full time job to be able to go to school, scheduling enough time to study and use up your assignments without impeding on your work schedule will help. Taking a look into your class and what is required when you start a new class will help you plan and schedule your time, having that plan in graze will make it a lot easier to hold yourself accountable to polish off each block.Having a written plan, specific goals with set timelines, and a good deal will help you succeed in making sure that you reach what you set out. Ultimately personal responsibility will make your advance in college a lot easier, it will also become bet on nature as you enter the professional world. Whether you are entering your first career or going back to school to pursue a new career having personal responsibility will take you distant in life. If you were to interview the most successful people in the world I can almost guarantee that being personally responsible will be a key component to their success.

Analysis of “The Shield of Achilles” Essay

The Shield of Achilles is a poem of nine stanzas where the author W.H.Auden has used an episode from the famous Homeric epic Iliad, as the name suggests. Achilles as we know was the greatest sub of the trojan War and his sieve as mentioned here has its reference in the book eighteen of the Iliad. There Thetis, the sea goddess and Achilles mother requests Hephaestus the divine blacksmith to father a shield for Achilles whose armor has been taken away by the Trojan hero Hector when he killed Patroclus to whom Achilles had lent it. Auden here has narrated the episode of the Iliad where this shield is in the making. Interestingly unlike the epical shield which was decorated by Hephaestus with stars and constellation, two beautiful towns full of people, view of cultivation, a vineyard pie-eyed with grapes, herd of cattle, dancing girls and boys, the shield in question presents a scene of lifelessness, destruction and decadence of a moribund society of people.The poem starts with an obscure woman and a man whom we later identify as Thetis and Hephaestus. She is aspect over his shoulder to watch the shield which is being made there. remote to her expectations she finds the shield being decorated with barbed wire enclosures and bored officials, dull sentries, detached and dispassionate men folk, a weed-choked-field and a frustrated adolescent boy who knows nothing about love being always receptive to murder and rape. In the poem whenever Thetis peers over the blacksmiths shoulder hoping to attain some beautiful decoration of natural beauty being raised on the shield, some morbid spectacle is sure to greet her eyes. Finally when Hephaestus leaves after finishing the shield, Thetis is distraught to find a horrific picture which makes Achilles intend all the more evident.The poet has used a method of flashback to emphasize the reprehensible condition of the modern human society. Whenever Thetis looks over his shoulder Auden gives us a glimpse of the beauty of the past by mentioning what she expects to see and what gruesome sights circularise before her. The poem turn ins a contrast between the ancient piece of real heroes and the modern world of debasement. The poet W. H. Auden thus uses the shield of Achilles as a subject but all the beautiful descriptions of Homer have been replaced to show the poets disgust with blankness andshallowness of the modern society.

Mgt Module 5

staff 5 integrity-on-one take motif concepts and executions 1 staff 5 Individual level demand concepts and maskings larn objectives On successful completion of this module, you should be fit to ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? arrange want and identify three key elements of motivations Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their current use repute Apply the predictions of self-determination possible performance to intimate and external retorts Comp argon and contrast goal-setting possibility and management by objectives Contrast reinforcement possibleness and goal-setting possibility Demonstrate how organisational justice is a elaborateness of equity surmisal Apply the key tenets of expectancy possibleness to motivating employees Compargon contemporary theories of motivations Show how motivation theories are grow bound Learning resourcesText Robbins, SP, Judge, T, Millett, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational behaviour, Chapter 7. Introduction to Module 5 Welcom e to Module 5 of MGT1000. I allot this module just astir(predicate) a 4. 5 rating the possibleness is heavier going. T here(predicate) are around 22 rascals from the text. Also this module is most 7 summonboys long. There are nary(prenominal)must do taxs barely thither is console an application exercise that terminate take up as much snip as you essential to invest in it. The application is a mini turn up writing exercise. The mind map that fol pitiables illustrates where we are up to in the soulfulness level of the course so far.In this module we will be discussing theories of motivation and their workplace applications. indigence is a critical issue at heart workplaces to daylight. It is non sufficient that employees alone turn up at work. Employers want heightsly productive and motivated employees. You already know that workplace productivity can be enhanced by ensuring a sound suit between employee personality and personal credit line requirements, betwe en employer and employee set and University of Southern Queensland 2 MGT1000 Organisational behaviour between employee pcome toences and the culture and complex body part of the organisation.You will also bring in from previous modules that in creating a motivating workplace it is employee perception of the workplace, alternatively than the reality of the workplace, that will influence employee performance. In this module you will goldbrick airs that managers can make the workplace more than motivating for employees. The nigh prefatory premise of this module is that motivation is non a feature like personality, just rather slightlything that managers can encourage or discourage. Module 3 Attitudes and credit line satisfaction Module 4 Personality and values Module 5 Motivation Absenteeism Job satisfaction Turnover productiveness Organisational citizenship Deviant workplace behaviour This first exercise will draw you a chance to clarify your own (everyday) everyday e xperience of motivation. Learning activity 5. 1 Think of one thing you lease been place off doing. Perhaps you r distributively a friend you abide been message to contact possibly you have some task around the domicil you have not round outd yet. Perhaps you have not been able to maintain your exercise program. Or perhaps you have had worry acquiring all your study completed.Think about these 2 challenges 1. Why are you displace yourself under pressure to do this thing? 2. Why havent you done this thing yet? University of Southern Queensland Module 5 Individual level motivation concepts and applications 3 Learning activity 6. 1 de-brief I expect we all have things we have not done that we aroma we should have done. So I assume no one had difficulty thinking of something they had set apart off. The following two definitions of motivation show huge consistency and can be assistful in understanding your inability to do the task you nominated. We define motivation as t he processes that account for an individuals zeal, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal (Robbins, Judge, Millett, & Boyle 2011, p. 176) Motivation refers to the forces either within or external to a person that kick up enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. (Gordon, 1999 p. 534) two definitions follow outm to picture persistence as essential to motivation. Perhaps you may have insufficiencyed the persistence or continuing effort involve to complete the task?In addition the definitions refer to enthusiasm or intensity both of which can be regarded as a measure of how laboured you were prepared to work (Robbins et al. 2011 p. 176). Perhaps this is where you had your difficulty? Finally, both definitions state there packs to be some kind of purpose variously draw as direction, a goal or a course of action that is essential to motivation. It would appear because you could articulate what you were supposed to do so at least you did have a goal, even if it is yet to be achieved. The caput remains Why havent we done this thing if we still opinion we learn to do it? Perhaps one of the causations you gave for not completing this task was that it patently was too hard. Indeed the text says no progeny how motivated someone is, if they truly lack the ability to do a task whence it is impossible for them to do it. So if you truly lack the ability required to do the task then perhaps you should gag law trying to do this task. Similarly if one of the reasons you gave for not doing this task was a lack of time, again this may be a legitimate reason for not doing the task. Robbins et al. (2011, p. 176) billet motivation as a series of processes.That is, if a person lacks luck (for example the required time to complete a task), it does not matter how motivated or how gifted they are they simply will not be able to do the task. But perhaps your task was within your ability arrange and you had the opportu nity to do it. The question remains, Why didnt you do it? The definitions counted above may provide some answers. While Robbins et al. (2011) make no comment on the origins of motivation, Gordon (1999 p. 534) however, refers to motivation as forces either within or external to a person.These sexual and external forces are very important in understanding Herzbergs conjecture and its later get upments. These two factors (internal and external factors) are the two factors that give Herzbergs two factor possible action its name. Herzberg refers to these 1) external and 2) internal factors as 1) extrinsic or hygienics factors and 2) intrinsic factors or motivators respectively. These two factors are like the oil and petrol in your machine. They are quite separate, but you need both to be at the right level for the car to work well.In a car you have a petrol eager that indicates if your tank is full or empty. It indicates if you have petrol or no petrol. So Herzberg refers to his 2 factors in the same terms. For example if you have no motivators (like no petrol) this is referred to as a state of no satisfaction. If you have motivators (like a full tank of petrol) you have satisfaction. Interestingly, Herzberg does not regard satisfaction as the opposite of dissatisfaction. So let University of Southern Queensland 4 MGT1000 Organisational behaviour e confirm, a lack of satisfaction is referred to by Herzberg as being a state of no satisfaction not a state of dissatisfaction. The pious platitude in this supposition is a little perplexing at first, but Herzberg is making an important point. When you understand that point the jargon is easy to understand. Again consider the reasons you gave for not acting and the reasons you gave for continuing to put pressure on yourself. According to Herzbergs two factor theory (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 17880) only intrinsic factors are truly motivating. Intrinsic factors amount to centering the task makes you feel.For ex ample, if you stated the job is too boring or not very enjoyable that is an example of a task that is simply not motivating. That is why you lacked motivation and ultimately did not complete the task it was simply not an intrinsically rewarding task. According to Herzberg extrinsic or hygiene factors will never truly motivate you to complete a task (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 17880). So even if for example, one of the reasons you gave to complete the task was that you would be paying(a) to complete it, then although you may have found the payment acceptable, it could not actually motivate you to do the task.The pay could only ever be experienced by you as nigh(a) pay or perverting pay for the job involved. In either event the pay itself would not motivate you to do the job only the jobs intrinsic qualities and opportunities can truly motivate. There are many critics of Herzbergs theory and his original research methods (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 178)and also the other earlier theori es of motivation. For example refer to Robbins et al. (2011, p. 177) for a critique of Maslows theory.The text provides an overview of contemporary theories of motivation that have a reasonable degree of research validity. These theories address employee motivation and imply the Self-determination theory, Goal-setting theory, Self-efficacy theory, Reinforcement theory, Equity theory and Expectancy theory. These theories provide guidelines for managers about how to enhance workplace motivation in their employees. Self-efficacy theory, for instance, argues that an individuals tactual sensation that he or she is capable of performing a task (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 186) influences their performance.According to this theory, employees with low selfefficacy (self belief) will exert less effort when they receive negative feedback whereas employees with high self-efficacy will increase their effort (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 187-80). Managers who focus on increasing self-efficacy in employ ees by setting difficult goals for them and encouraging them to perform better, can expect increased employee performance. You can see that the goal-setting theory is also applicable here setting specific and difficult goals and providing feedback can lead to higher performance (Robbins et al. 011, p. 184). You will also read this week about Equity theory which takes quite a different view of what motivates or de-motivates us. Equity theorys basic tenant is that the perception of equitable reward (such as salary) is quite essential to motivation. Most simply stated if you as an employee feel you are relatively poorly treated for example, poorly paid as compared with others then your motivation will suffer. In your reading you will be exposed to the mechanism of the comparable worth as a way to create rewards systems for jobs that create equity in the workplace.Finally, you will read about expectancy theory this week which takes another quite different view of motivation. Expectan cy theory is all about the expectancies or in put down terms expectations employees have about their work and its rewards. If an employee 1) does not expect (or believe) they have the ability to complete the job to the required standard and or 2) does not expect (or believe) that the organisation will recognise their work when it is completed to the required standard and or 2) does not expect (or believe) the reward the organisation offers is worthwhile, then the employees motivation will suffer.You will read University of Southern Queensland Module 5 Individual level motivation concepts and applications 5 how expectancy theory can be utilise to the workplace through the use of negotiable benefits that allow employees to work towards rewards they truly value. Learning objectives from the text ? ? Define motivation and identify three key elements of motivations lead Defining motivation varlet 176. Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their current use value Read Early theories of motivation page 176 181, up to the end of McClellands theory of needs, page 181.Apply the predictions of self-determination theory to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards Read Contemporary theories of motivation page 181 3. Compare and contrast goal-setting theory and management by objectives Read page 184 188, up to the end of Self-efficacy theory on page 188. Contrast reinforcement theory and goal-setting theory Read Reinforcement theory page 188 9. Demonstrate how organisational justice is a refinement of equity theory Read Equity theory/organisational justice page 189 92.Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees Read Expectancy theory page 193 4 and Flexible benefits Developing a benefits package page 222. Compare contemporary theories of motivations Read Integrating contemporary theories of motivation page 194 5. Show how motivation theories are culture bound Read spherical Implications page 196. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? We also suggest that you read Summary and Implications for Managers that provides you with a good summary of the theories covered in the readings.Application exercise This weeks application exercise is one I have used previously with students. You are asked to write a 5 split canvass titled The day I hated my job more than I thought humanly possible or an essay titled The day I love my job more than I thought humanly possible. In either case use Herzbergs theory to justify why you hated or loved your job so much on that day. This is a quick exercise to get you thinking about 1) how to structure an essay and 2) how to apply theory to a case study.I have connected an example of an essay submitted by a previous student to help you. What follows are the quick tips on how to write a good OBM essay that were covered in module 2. University of Southern Queensland 6 MGT1000 Organisational behaviour A good OBM essay has four main parts. ? ? You will always need a one paragraph introduction that states the overall discipline of your essay and outlines the content of the essay. This will be the first paragraph of the essay. This will be followed by a series of paragraphs that present the real contents of your essay.This is sometimes referred to as the body of the essay. In this case this will only be 3 paragraphs. (You can have more if you really need them, but this is meant to be a short and sweet exercise to get the thought cells going not a marathon). These will include the facts of your best or worst day at work and your references to Herzbergs theory that explain the experience. Visit this webpage at the USQ Library and follow the clicks for information on how to look up sources in essays using the Harvard Referencing system .This will be followed by a one paragraph conclusion that restates the main theme of your paper, summarises the main points raised(a) in the body of your paper and ends with a strong concluding objurgate This will be followed by a List of references . This is a list of the full bibliographical details or any source (for example text book or journal article) that you cite in the essay. I expect in this essay you would only list the text as a source. ? ? A good OBM essay also includes theory that has been applied to the case study.I suggest you use the three sentence formula listed infra to apply theory to a case study. In each paragraph include 1. One or two sentences containing a bite sizing piece of theory 2. Followed by one or two sentences containing a bite size piece of case study 3. Followed by a linking sentence that explains how exactly the theory is linked to the case study. An example 1. number size piece of theory According to Herzberg jobs that afford opportunities for growth can potentially be a source of job satisfaction (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 179) 2. snack size piece of case study I sure as shooting ound my job at that time challenging in a constructive way. I was involved in a short-term, cutting bounce project aiming to develop a completely new range of client services. 3. Linking sentence. My involvement in the client services project gave me an excellent opportunity for professional growth. My positive experience of my job at that time was indeed highly reconciled with Herzbergs notion of a job with job satisfaction. The same substantial presented as a paragraph. According to Herzberg jobs that afford opportunities for growth can potentially be a source of job satisfaction (Robbins et al. 011, p. 179. ) I certainly found my job at that time challenging in a positive way. I was involved in a short-term, cutting edge project aiming to develop a completely new range of client services. My involvement in the University of Southern Queensland Module 5 Individual level motivation concepts and applications 7 client services project gave me an excellent opportunity for professional growth. My positive experience of my job at that time was therefore highly consistent with Herzbergs notion of a job with job satisfaction.You may have to go through a few more drafts of the paragraph to get it saying exactly what you want it to, but that is the basic process. Finally, you may be wondering how to extend to bits of theory to bits of case study. You force find a pen and paper tool like this one below useful. In the left hand column you will see the motivators and hygiene factors listed. (This is the theory you are expected to use in this essay). In the right column there is room for you to list the elements of your story that relate to these factors. You do not need to have an entry next to each piece of theory.The idea is that you would look at the completed grid and then decide what the pattern is. Did your job have lots of problems with the motivators? Were there excess problems with the hygiene factors? What was the overall pattern is the case study? This then becomes the theme of your essay. Motivators Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advanc ement Growth lawsuit study elements Hygiene factors Company policy and administration Supervision relationship with supervisor Work conditions Relationship with peers Personal life Relationship with subordinates spatial relation Security SalaryCase study elements University of Southern Queensland 8 MGT1000 Organisational behaviour Summary This module has focussed on motivation as a process that managers need to understand in order to try to create motivating jobs and reward systems in the workplace. You have covered both earlier theories of motivation and contemporary theories. You have also had an opportunity to put pen to paper and sample an essay in this course. Presentation 5. 1 Ch7_motivation Reference list Gordon, J 1999, organisational behaviour a diagnostic approach, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, NJ.Mann, S 2004, People-work emotion management, stress and coping, British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 20521, viewed 12 December, EBSCOhost database Aca demic Search Premier, item AN13121438. McShane, S & Von Glinow, M 2005, Organizational behaviour, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston. Robbins, SP, Judge, T, Millett, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational behaviour, 6th edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest. Gordon, J 1999, Organizational behaviour a diagnostic approach, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, crude Jersey. University of Southern Queensland

HRM Problem in Indian Airlines

Introduction The Indian Airline was pock up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953 with an initial capital of Rs. 32 one thousand thousand and started op timetions on 1 August 1953. And it dominated the Indian air sector during the 80s and 90s. However the rules of monoploy were deregulated in 1994. Following which many carriers entered the marketplace. However, only cardinal strong competitors emerged during the 1990s which were the Jet Airways and Air Sahara.This competition from the new mysterious carriers required the air duct to adapt to the new order, a mathematical operation which was uncorrectable due to the fact that management did not mystify complete commercial message freedom, and the government was unwilling to invest in the airline. Another big background was the Human Resource Management problems including the inefficient men planning, unproductive deployment manpower (results of ad-hoc job analysis), and unwarranted increase in salaries and requital ca appl y a outlet of strikes by the staffs and the ultimate result is losing customers and the losses in revenue.Between 1999 and 2003, the carriers fleet did not increase by a single aircraft during the resembling period the buck private carriers fleet almost doubled to 53. Inevitably, Indian Airlines market sh be declined, from 100% in 1994 to 40% by 2004 and just 20% by 2007.Background of IA Indian Airlines is one of the prime airlines in India. It is based in Mumbai and focuses primarily on domesticated routes, alone with a few international services to neighboring Asian countries. The airline is state-owned and also administered by the Ministry of well-behaved air travel. A commodious with Air India, it is the flag carrier of India. The airline came into existence by the enactment of the Air corporations act in 1953.It has been renamed as Indian on celestial latitude 7th 2005. It started with about 99 aircrafts and was the outcome of a merger of sorts among several(prenominal) former independent airlines. In 1964, Indian Airlines moved into the jet era with the introduction of Caravelle aircraft and also inducted a Boeing 737-200 in early 1970. In a fresh wave of deregulation, nine new independent airlines were launched in India in the early 1990s. Vayudoot, the state-owned feeder airline, itself collapsed in 1993. On 1st March 1997 Indian Airlines became a Public Limited Company.Presently, it has about 70 aircrafts including Airbus A300, Airbus A319,Airbus A320and an ATR-4. Some of the outside destinations that atomic number 18 included in its directory atomic number 18 Kuwait, Singapore, UAE, Qatar, Thailand and many more conspiracy East Asian countries. This airline was the first to introduce wide-bodied A300 aircraft in the domestic circuit. There are a total of 75 exclusive destinations cover by this airline, 59 within India and 16 abroad.HR IssuesWhen the government open up the sky by privatize the industry, one of the start-ups, East-West Airli nes, offered such attractive wages that they prompted a pilots strike at Indian Airlines in December 1992 during the overwinter tourist season. Indian Airlines had 570 pilots at the time, making an average of Rs 30,000 ($962.00) a month. The airline lost Rs2.11 billion ($64.34 million) for the year. Chairman and managing director L. Vasudev had been hired in July 1992, plectron a position va butt jointt since the previous professorship had resigned due to the discussion of yet another strike.Mr. Vasudev also resigned in May 1993 blaming the aviation ministry for undermining his authority. Russy Mody was named chairman of both Indian Airlines and Air-India in late 1994. He resigned two historic period later, also citing a lack of authority. During 1998 both Indian Airlines and Air-India were losing money and require to restore their aging fleets by the end of the year, the Civil Aviation Ministry had fired a joint board of directors from the two airlines.All of the chaos happe ned because of The recruitment go Job analysis in IA was not done by scientifically Performance appraisal and reward systems were not scientifically doneFindings drop of correct manpower planning Underutilization of exiting manpower Without proper scientific analysis change magnitude staff cost during 1994-98 Unnecessary interference by the Ministry of Civil Aviation Unscrupulous methods use Strikes, go-slow agitation and wage negotiations In 1993- 46 old age strike by pilots Unethical (false) medical claims Pilots didnt work overtime even though they got more money Maximum number of employees per aircraft Lack of government decision policy Unethical practice of service on productivity liked incentives 30 full time directors and their retinue of private secretaries, drivers and orderlinessSWOT ANALYSISSTRENGTHSLarge fleet. Experienced staff. Adequate base and large network. People are loyal towards the national carrier. Government Backing.WEAKNESSESHigh over brainpowers and hu ge workforce resulting in lower output. Attitude of the staff (The Unions) Political/Bureaucratic unnecessary interference. Indian Airlines has its socio-economic responsibility of catering to the inaccessibility areas at subsidized rate touch on operational expenses. Job security too high.OPPORTUNITIESTourism industry is gaining momentum. initiation of new aircrafts on lease. Response to some of the promotional furthermostes (schemes) is encouraging. Shelving of the privatization plans of Indian Airlines by the Government of India. Weakening of the dollar rate in comparison to the rupee.THREATS comprehension of the better product in comparison to that of the competitor Recent creative activity events hitting the tourism industry badly Increase in the efficiency of various airlines Falling market share of Indian Airlines to that of Jet AirwaysRecommendation From 1997, to work now IA had only emphasized on distribution, with marketing as a non-issue. Since the company was faced with increasing competition, lack of resources and mounting losses, it had to formulate and utilize scientifically proved HR strategies. The best way to prevent fusion strike is to work with the union and develop policies that avoid a strike between companies and its employees. Unions in projects is different, unions in large corporate is different. We can kibosh and curtail the strikes in corporate offices but containing it plants need some analysis.1.Check was in that location any change in the Head of HR department2.The earlier head was removed or retired or left on his own3.Union leaders are locals or outsiders4.Were there any simmering issues which were pending for a long time?5.The earlier agreement is due for re negation?1 and 2 are most important to find the reason and reactions. 3 are to know how the outsiders involved in the local union and so we can divide the union. 4 and 5 it is always better to keep the process of the negotiations on the go, and try throwing the ball in their court as far as possible instead of keeping the issue pending with company. And have discussions, deliberations and best method is to divide the employees into department wise by copulation them that it is for close contacts with the all employees.Implementations To implement the decisions taken during the mid 2001, IA followed steps say below.1.As the first step free and frank discussions with a cross section of the employees were held. Top management undertook extensive tours of all stations to communicate the details and vision behind all major policy initiatives and to get their reception to them.2.Focus on training of personnel was enhanced to increase effectiveness.3.A greater transparency was built into recruitment and transfer policies with a view to boosting their trust and confidence.4.In interactions with unions and Associations a firm but fair attitude was taken.5.Productivity Lined Agreements, where the inflows exceed the outflows scorn the fact t hat market wages were being given, were entered into.Conclusion Airports are the primary infrastructure facility that a country has to offer to the international travel. The case Indian Airlines HR problems, examines the causes of the HR problems faced by Indian Airlines. The case reveals how inadequate management and stubborn work force can drive a monopoly into losses. The case also throws light on other lapses such as poor canteen management and payment of excessive allowances.The case is so structured as to enable students to understand why and how Indian Airlines was perpetually plagued by HR problems. The students should be able to see how the pilots and other workers used arm-twisting tactics to get IA to agree to all their demands. The case also provides insights into how IAs moony handling of its HR problems contributed to the overall mess that the airline found itself in.

Effects of a stronger Euro on the Eurozone Essay

near countries, in fact all countries in the Euro z oneness, have adopted a floating exchange rate, which means that the value of the Euro and, thus, the exchange rate are only determined by the petition for and supply of the currency on the foreign exchange market. Therefore, the value of the Euro can fluctuate drastically depending on different factors. At the moment, the Euro is a very unfluctuating currency. This has got different effect on the Euro zone, positive as well as negative.On the one hand, a significant Euro and, therefore, a blue exchange rate belittle the charge of imports into the Euro zone, so that more goods and go can be merchandise for the homogeneous standard of money, as one unit of currency volition buy more units of foreign currencies than before, which means that more foreign goods and services can be imported. These imports might include services such as foreign travel, products we can directly consume, such as clothes from china or primary resources which are bought by firms. When asseveraters can buy cheaper resources, their be of production come, which causes prices to decrease, too, as the following diagram showsHere, the supply frizz shifts to the right, cod to lower costs of production. This is a shift along the demand curve and therefore, the quantity demanded join ons, whereas the price at which the goods and services can be purchased falls.A decrease in prices is obviously good for the consumers, as they have to manufacture less(prenominal) money for the goods they buy, and it is also good for the government because low prices push down inflationary pressure.However, although the greater amount of imports is good for the consumers, domestic producers might be worse off. With the imports being comparatively less expensive than the domestically produced goods and services, competitor increases and there might be a fall in the demand for domestically produced goods and services. This could lead to une mployment as the domestic producers, whose clamss decrease, cant afford anymore to keep all these workers.Another consequence of high exchange rates are increased prices of trades for foreign countries. Industries which export price inelastic goods leave alone probably find that they have increased export revenues as the following diagram shows. Here, the quantity demanded decreases from Q1 to Q2, and therefore, the price at which the goods or services are sold increases from P1 to P2. However, the change in price is a lot bigger than the change in quantity demanded as it is an elastic good. Therefore, the profit increases.However, although these industries have benefits from high exchange rates, most firms dont produce goods for which demand is inelastic, so that it is difficult for them to sell their goods and services abroad, because their prices are, compared to the prices of producers from other countries, relatively high and they are, therefore, not able to compete with th ese producers. This means that they make less profits because they sell less, which might cause a further increase in unemployment.If the amount of money flowing out of the economy because of imports increases, and the amount of money flown into the economy because of exports decreases, this would worsen the balance of payments which could, in the worst case, sire negative. This would decrease aggregate demand (AD) which is defined as consumption + investiture + government spending + (exports imports).However, although the high export costs will in the short run harm domestic producers, as it threatens their international competitiveness, they will in the long run increase their inflationary discipline. In sight to maintain their competitiveness, domestic firms have to lower their costs of production, so that their prices decrease and they export more. In order to lower their costs of production, they have to be more efficient, which will, ideally, eventually result in a more e fficient economy overall.This shows, that a strong Euro can have both, positive and negative, consequences on economies. But whether it is considered to be good or bad, very much depends on the kind of economyA strong Euro doesnt have the same effect on all countries in the Euro zone. Whereas economies which specialise on exports, such as Germany might not want a too strong Euro, as their international competitiveness might decrease, economies which very much imprecate on imports might be better off with a strong Euro.

Organisation and Behaviour Essay

character ruminate 1 Dimensions of Organisational constructionChanging the Rules at Bosco PlasticsWhen Jill Thompson took over as chief executive military office staffr at Bosco Plastics, the smart set was in trouble. Bosco had started out as an innovative family, cognise for creating a novel product only as the popularity of unmatchable of the diligences old standbys was fading, i.e., replacing yo-yos with water guns. In deuce decades, it had become an established touch onr of plastics for the toy industry. Bosco had grown from a cardinal employees to four hundred, and its rules had grown haphazardly with it. Thompsons predecessor, Wilhelm K. Blatz, had give the ac federations procedures chaotic and had instituted a uniform set of rules for solely employees. Since and so, both interrogation out stage and manufacturing productivity had steadily declined. When the confederations board of directors leased Thompson, they emphasized the need to evaluate and revise the companys noble procedures in an attempt to reverse the tr curios.First, Thompson studied the rules Blatz had implemented. She was impressed to find that the undefiled procedures manual was only twenty pages long. It began with the reasonable sen disco biscuitce All employees of Bosco Plastics shall be governed by the following . . . Thompson had expected to find evidence that Blatz had been a autocrat who ran the company with an iron fist. except as she read through the manual, she found nonhing to indicate this. In fact, some of the rules were rather flexible. Employees could punch in anytime between 800 and 1000 a.m. and leave nine hours new-fangledr, between 500 and 700 p.m. Managers were expected to keep monthly n integritys on the passel arrive ats for them and make y beforehand(predicate) recommendations to the human resources committee about raises, bonuses, promotions, and firings. Except for their mavin-hour lunch break, which they could take at any time, em ployees were expected to be in the expression at all times.Puzzled, Thompson went overcome to the lounge where the research and wearment people gathered. She was surprised to find a time time on the wall. Curious, she supply a time card into it and was neertheless more flabbergasted when the automobile chattered noisily, then spit it out without registering the time. App bently R&D was none too pleased with the time clock and had found a focusing to rig it. When Thompson looked up in astonishment, only two of the twelve employees who had been in the room were still there. They give tongue to the some differents had punched put up in when they saw the brag coming.Thompson asked the remaining pair to key out her what was wrong with company rules, and she got an earful. The researchers, nighly chemists and engineers with move on fine-tune degrees, resented punching a time clock and having their counterfeit evaluated once a month, when they could non reasonably be ex pected to come up with some amour new and worth writing about more than twice a year. in the lead the implementation of the new rules, they had often gotten inspiration from going down to the topical anesthetic dime store and picking up five dollars worth of chinchy toys, notwithstanding at once they felt they could make such trips only on their own time. And when a researcher came up with an innovative idea, it often took months for the purpose to work its way up the company hierarchy to the attention of soulfulness who could put it into production. In short, all these sharp minds felt shackled.Concluding that possibly she had overlooked the rigidity of the rules, Thompson walked over to the manufacturing building to talk to the production supervisors. They responded to her questions with one word anarchy. With employees drifting in between 800 and 1000 and then starting to drift out again by 1100 for lunch, the supervisors neer knew if they had enough people to run a part icular operation. Employee turnover was high, and not high enough in some cases supervisors believed the rules prevented them from firing all but the most incompetent workers originally the end of the yearly paygrade period. The rules were so humane that discipline was impossible to enforce.By the time Jill Thompson got back to her office, she had a plan. The following week, she called in all the department managers and asked them to draft positive rules and procedures for their psyche areas. She told them she did not intend to lose control of the company, but she precious to see if they could improve productivity and morale by creating formal procedures for their individual departments.Case Questions (AO 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3) Do you think Jill Thompsons proposal to decentralise the rules and procedures of Bosco Plastics leave alone work? If so, why and how? Give reasons. What, in your opinion, are the requirements to make decentalisation effective? What kinds of rules and procedur es do you think the department managers will come up with? Which departments will be more formalised? Why? What risks will the company face if it establishes different procedures for different areas? Explain your reasons by analysing the merits and demerits of organic and mechanistic structures with regard to changes proposed by Jill Thompson.Case Study 2 Organizational social structure and CultureSurviving Greenscapes Hard TimesIn ten long time, Greenscape had grown from a one-person venture into the largest nursery and landscaping calling in its area. Its founder, Lita Ong, combined a lifelong interest in plants with a botany degree to provide a unique customer service. Ong had managed the companys growth so that even with twenty full-time employees works in six to eight crews, the organization finish was still as open, friendly, and personal as it had been when her only employees were friends who would pop the question to help her move a heavy tree.To maintain that atmosphere , Ong involved herself increasingly with people and less with plants as the company grew. With hundreds of customers and scores of jobs at any one time, she could no long-life say without hesitation whether she had a dozen arborvitae bushes in stock or when Mrs. McCormacks estate would need a new load of peel mulch. only she knew when Martina had been up all night with her baby, when Adrian was likely to be late because he had driven to see his sick father over the weekend, and how to finagle with Emily when she was depressed because of her boyfriends behaviour. She kept track of the birthdays of every employee and even those of their children. She was up every break of the day by five-thirty arranging schedules so that Johnson could incur his son out of daycare at four oclock and Doris could be back in town for her laternoon high enlighten equivalency classes.Paying all this attention to employees may acquire led Ong to make a single bad business finality that almost co de for(p) the company. She provided extensive landscaping to a new prom on credit, and when the mall neer opened and its owners went bankrupt, Greenscape found itself in deep trouble. The company had close no cash and had to pay off the bills for the mall plants, most of which were not even salvageable.One Friday, Ong called a meeting with her employees and levelled with them either they would not halt paid for a month or Greenscape would fold. The news hit the employees hard. numerous a(prenominal) counted on the Friday paycheck to buy groceries for the week. The local unemployment rate was low, however, and they knew they could find former(a) jobs. barely as they looked around, they wondered whether they could ever find this kind of job. Sure, the pay was not the greatest, but the tears in the eyes of some workers were not over pay or personal hardship they were for Ong, her dream, and her difficulties. They never thought of her as the boss or called her anything but Lita. A nd leaving the hostwould not be just a matter of saying good-bye to fellow employees. If Bernice left, the company softball team would lose its best pitcher, and the Sunday game was the round top of everyones week. Where else would they find people who spent very much of the weekend working on the best puns with which to assail one another on Monday morning? At how many an(prenominal) offices would everyone show up twenty minutes before starting time just to catch up with friends on other crews? What other boss would really understand when you simply said, I dont have a doctors appointment, I just need the afternoon off?Ong gave her employees the weekend to think over their decision whether to take their pay and look for another job or to quill into their savings and go on working. Knowing it would be hard for them to quit, she told them they did not have to face her on Monday if they did not show up, she would send them their checks. But when she arrived at seven-forty Monday morning, she found the replete(p) group already there, ready to work even harder to pull the company through. They were even trying to top one another with puns about being mall-contents.Case Questions (AO 2.1, 2.2 & 2.3) How would you describe the organization culture at Greenscape? Under the different types of culture, what type of culture, do you think, operating in Greenscape? Justify your views with evidence. How large can such a company scram before it needs to change its culture and structure? And why it is essential to change culture and structure? Discuss briefly the benefits and difficulties that Greenscape have to lie with with changing its culture and structure as the company gears for its growth.Case Study 3 Leadership Models and ConceptsRight Boss, Wrong CompanyBrenda Hogan was continuously on top of things. In domesticate, she had always been at the top of her class. When she went to work for her uncles shoe business, Fancy Footwear, she had been singled out as the most productive employee and the one with the best attendance. The company was so impressed with her that it sent her to get an M.B.A. to clean up her for a top solicitude position. In school again, and with ternion years of practical experience to draw on, Hogan had gobbled up every idea put in front of her, relating many of them to her work at Fancy Footwear. When Hogan gradatory at the top of her class, she re off-key to Fancy Footwear. To no ones surprise, when the thinker of the companys largest division took advantage of the firms early retirement plan, Hogan was given his position.Hogan knew the pitfalls of being suddenly catapulted to a leadership position, and she was compulsive to avoid them. In business school, she had read cases about family businesses that fell asunder when a young family member took over with an iron fist, barking out orders, naked as a jaybird personnel, and destroying morale. Hogan knew a lot about participative management, and she was no t going to be labelled an arrogant know-it-all.Hogans predecessor, Max quotable, had run the division from an office at the top of the building, far in a higher move the factory floor. Two or three times a day, Worthy would summon a messenger or a secretary from the offices on the second floor and send a memo out to one or another group of workers. But as Hogan saw it, Worthy was mostly an absentee autocrat, making all the decisions from above and spending most of his time at extended lunches with his friends from the Rotary Club.Hogans graduation exercise move was to change all that. She set up her office on the second floor. From her always-open doorway she could see down onto the factory floor, and as she sat behind her desk she could spot anyone walking by in the hall. She never ate lunch herself but spent the time from 11 to 2 down on the floor, walking around, talking, and organizing groups. The workers, many of whom had twenty years of higher rank at the plant, seemed s urprised by this new policy and reluctant to volunteer for any groups. But in fairly short order, Hogan established a worker productivity group, a Suggestion of the Week committee, an environmental group, a worker award group, and a management relations group. Each group held two meetings a week, one without and one with Hogan. She encouraged each group to set up goals in its particular focus area and develop plans for reaching those goals. She promised any support that was within her power to give.The group work was agonizingly slow at first. But Hogan had been well trained as a facilitator, and she soon took on that role in their meetings, writing down ideas on a big board, organizing them, and later communicating them in notices to other employees. She got everyone to call her Betty and set herself the task of learning all their names. By the end of the first month, Fancy Footwear was stirred up.But as it turned out, that was the last thing most employees requisiteed. The truth finally hit Hogan when the entire management relations committee resigned at the start of their fourth meeting. Im sorry, Ms. Hogan, one of them said. Were good at making shoes, but not at this management stuff. A lot of us are heading toward retirement. We dont want to be supervisors.Astonished, Hogan went to talk to the workers with whom she believed she had make good relations. Yes, they reluctantly told her, all these changes did make them uneasy. They liked her, and they didnt want to complain. But given the choice, they would rather go back to the way Mr. Worthy had run things. They never saw Mr. Worthy much, but he never got in their hair. He did his work, whatever that was, and they did theirs. After youve been in a place doing one thing for so long, one worker concluded, the last thing you want to do is learn a new way of doing it.Case Questions (AO 3.1, 3.2 & 3.3) What factors should have alerted Hogan to the problems that eventually came up at Fancy Footwear? Could Hogan have instituted her changes without eliciting a negative reaction from the workers? If so, how?Case Study 4 Need-Based Perspectives on MotivationMore Than a Pay ChequeSamuel Gibson was a trainer for Britannia Home Manufacturers, a large builder of prefabricated homes. Britannia Home had hired Gibson new-made from graduate school with a masters degree in English. At first, the company put him to work writing and revising company brochures and serving with the most important correspondence at the senior level. But soon, both Gibson and senior management officials began to notice how well he worked with executives on their writing, how he made them feel more confident about it, and how, after working with an executive on a report, the executive often was much more eager to take on the contiguous writing task.So Britannia Home moved Gibson into its prestigious training department. The companys trainers worked with thousands of supervisors, managers, and executives, helping them lea rn everything from new computer languages to time management skills to how to get the most out of the workers on the plant floor, many of whom were unmotivated high school dropouts. Soon Gibson was spending all his time giving short seminars on executive writing as well as coaching his students to everlasting(a) their memos and letters.Gibsons move into training meant a big increase in pay, and when he started working exclusively with the companys top brass, it seemed as though he got a bonus every month. Gibsons supervisor, Mirella Carta, knew he was making more than many executives who had been with the company three times as long, and probably twice as much as any of his graduate school classmates who concentrated in English. Yet in her biweekly meetings with him, she could tell that Gibson wasnt happy.When Carta asked him about it, Gibson replied that he was in a bit of a rut. He had to keep saying the same things over and over in his seminars, and business memos werent as int eresting as the literature he had been trained on. But then, after trailing off for a moment, he blurted out, They dont need me Since the memos filtering down through the company were now flawlessly polished, and the annual report was 20 percent shorter but said everything it needed to, Gibsons desire to be needed was not fulfilled.The next week, Gibson came to Carta with a proposal What if he started holding classes for some of the floor workers, many of whom had no future within or outside the company because many could write nothing but their own names? Carta took the idea to her superiors. They told her that they wouldnt oppose it, but Gibson couldnt possibly keep drawing such a high salary if he worked with people whose contribution to the company was compensated at minimum wage.Gibson agreed to a reduced salary and began offering English classes on the factory floor, which were billed by management (who hoped to avoid a wage hike that year) as an added benefit of the job. At f irst only two or three workers showed upand they, Gibson believed, only wanted an excuse to get away from the nailing guns for a while. But piecemeal word got around that Gibson was serious about what he was doing and didnt hide the workers like kids in a remedial class.At the end of the year, Gibson got a bonus from a new source the vice president in charge of production. Although Gibsons course took workers off the job for a tally of hours a week, productivity had actually improved since his course began, employee turnover had dropped, and for the first time in over a year, some of the floor workers had begun to practice for supervisory positions. Gibson was pleased with the bonus, but when Carta saw him grinning as he walked around the building, she knew he wasnt thinking about his bank account.